Lexical change
Lexical change is the process by which new words (neologisms) are formed. If words remain the same but the meaning changes, the process is referred to as semantic change.
Borrowing
Borrowing is the process by which loan words from one language enter another. English has a high number of loan words which reflect socio-cultural movements and historical events such as the spread of the Roman Empire, the Norman invasion, the European Renaissance, the British Empire and the rise of the United States.
list of common French loan words used in English
C calque(borrowing a word or phrase from another language by literal, word-for-word or root-for-root translation; for example the English phrase to lose face, which is a calque from Chinese)